Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Holothuroidea | Holothuriida | Holothuriidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Reef-associated; depth range 0 - 25 m (Ref. 122). Tropical; 31°N - 32°S, 32°E - 173°W

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Indo-Pacific: in the tropical Indian Ocean known only from Madagascar; in the tropical Pacific, in the west from Australia and Sulawesi eastwards to Mariana Islands, Palau and New Caledonia.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ?, range 35 - ? cm Max length : 70.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 122); common length : 36.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 122); max. published weight: 4.5 kg (Ref. 122)

Short description Morphology

Mean live weight. 1500 to 4,500 g; body-wall thickness 1 cm. Body sub oval, stout, firma and rigid, arched dorsally (bivium) and flattened ventrally (trivium); bivium with characteristic brown wrinkles. Podia on bivium small, brown, with a disc of around 200 micrometer diameter; podia on trivium more densely distributed on the median radius and more sparsely distributed on the outer radii and interradii, with their calcareous disc around 300 micrometer in diameter. Mouth ventral, with 20 brown, stout tentacles. Anus surrounded by 5 radial groups of 3 or 4 papillae and a black band. Calcareous ring with large radial pieces and narrower interradials. Cuvierian tubules absent. Cloaca large and black. Bivium golden brown, with numerous brown spots; trivium whitish; mature gonads bright yellow. Spicules in form of tables and buttons; tables of dorsal and ventral tegument similar in shape and moderately sparse, disc small, irregular, with 4 to 6 irregular holes, supporting a short spire, ending in an irregular row of smooth spines; ventral-tegument buttons elongated ellipsoids, with 12 to 16 holes and median nodules; dorsal-tegument buttons generally more regular and less perforated; ventral and dorsal podia with large plates, multiperforated and indentated; tentacles containing both large very spiny rods and short nodose rods.

Occasionally harvested by artisanal fisheries throughout the tropical Indian Ocean; collected by skin diving or using diving gear (if not banned), making the populations very vulnerable, due to over exploitation. The processed product is of minor commercial value.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Sexual reproduction takes place during the warm season. A species with low potential fecundity and late sexual maturity.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Conand, C. 1998. (Ref. 122)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 May 2010

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial
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Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 23.2 - 29.3, mean 28.4 (based on 3401 cells).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

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