Tentaculata |
Lobata |
Bolinopsidae
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
大洋性; 深度上下限 5 - 200 m (参考文献 1531). Subtropical; ? - 32°C (参考文献 138208); 41°N - 47°S, 98°W - 31°W
Western Atlantic: from Buzzard Bay, USA to Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, south to Argentina.
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 18.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 114265); common length : 1.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 3033); 最大体重: 0.97 g (参考文献 3033)
Polymorphic species, with Baltic Sea individuals smaller and adults do not have very long oral lobes unlike the Black Sea individuals (Ref. 2959). Inner structures of the lobes originate at the level of the apical organ near the top of the organism. Has eight meridianal canals (Ref. 2956). Confused with the dominant ctenophore in the North Sea, Bolinopsis infundibulum due to their similarities in appearance.
Found in marine and brackish waters (Ref. 770). Found in the intertidal, bay and nearshore, outer continental shelf and slope (Ref. 116106). A carnivorous hunter which feeds on zooplankton, including meroplankton, fish eggs and fish larvae (Ref. 2969). Known to tolerate a wide range of salinity (3.4 to 75.0 parts per mile) and temperature (1.3 to 32°C) from its native range in the American region.
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
A simultaneous hermaphrodite with direct development. Sexual reproduction begins at 3 cm length for U.S. waters species and 1 cm oral-aboral length for Black Sea species. Larvae is spherical (cydippid) and hatch in 20 to 24 hours. Develops from tentaculate to lobate feeding mechanism as it matures. Egg production is sensitive to ctenophore size, food availability and temperature. In Chesapeake Bay, USA, egg production occurred at temperatures 11.8 to 29 °C and salinities 5.6 to 29.8 parts per mille. Weight-specific egg production was greater in summer due to higher temperature, salinity and prey density than in spring. Spawning in this area peaks between 2:00 and 4:00 h. In the Black Sea, spawning begins at midnight to 2:00 h. No spawning in spring at 8 to 16 °C, intensive spawning in late summer to autumn at temperature 23 °C.
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Mutlu, E. 1999 Distribution and abundance of ctenophores and their zooplankton food in theBlack Sea. II. Mnemiopsis leidyi. Mar. Biol. 135:603-613. (参考文献 1531)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书
(参考文献 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
人类利用
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
工具
网络资源
基于模型的估算
渔业脆弱性
(参考文献 71543) |
Low vulnerability (10 of 100). |
价格分类
(参考文献 80766): |
Unknown. |
