Cnemidocarpa verrucosa, Sea toad

Cnemidocarpa verrucosa   (Lesson, 1830)

Sea toad

Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Cnemidocarpa verrucosa  AquaMaps  Data sources: GBIF OBIS
Upload your photos 
 All pictures | Google image |
Image of Cnemidocarpa verrucosa (Sea toad)
Cnemidocarpa verrucosa

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Ascidiacea | Stolidobranchia | Styelidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Sessile; depth range 0 - 1549 m (Ref. 3435).  Polar

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Southwest Atlantic, Southern Pacific and the Antarctic: From Antarctica to sub-Antarctic islands and South America.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2588)

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

This species is the largest and most abundant Styelidae in the Antarctic Ocean (Ref. 2588). Maximum depth from Ref. 116836. Found on muddy bottoms at depths of 15 to 30 m, on hard bottoms at a depth of 30 m, and on moraine deposits at depths of 25 to 30 m (Ref. 1753), and also from depths of 0 to 200 m (Ref. 3435).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Members of the class Ascidiacea are hermaphroditic; both cross- and self-fertilization is typical. Life cycle: Eggs develop into lecithotrophic larva before metamorphosing into benthic adults.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Tatian, M., R.J. Sahade, M.E. Doucet and G.B. Esnal. 1998. (Ref. 1753)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses


| FishSource |

Tools

E-book | Field guide

More information

Trophic Ecology
Food items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Distribution
Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Physiology
Oxygen consumption
Human Related
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
Collaborators
Taxonomy
Common names
Synonyms
Morphology
Pictures
References
References

Internet sources

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, Search) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): -1.8 - 7.2, mean -0.6 (based on 513 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Comments & Corrections
Back to Search
Random Species
Back to Top