Aves |
Procellariiformes |
Procellariidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Pelagic; depth range 0 - 66 m (Ref. 58635), usually 1 - 14 m (Ref. 58635). Tropical; 21°C - 31°C (Ref. 96995)
Indo-Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean. Tropical to temperate.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 46.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 570.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 4.04 cm; tarsus: 5.13 cm; wing: 31.0 cm.
Total Length: 41 to 46 cm; Wingspan: 97 to 104 cm (Ref. 8812). Occupies ridges and burrows. Form small breeding colonies on headlands and the tops of coastal cliffs; found in groups of burrows rather than spread out (Ref. 89480). Colonial breeder on oceanic islands. Typically gregarious at sea; does not trail ships (Ref. 91362). Found along seashores (Ref. 83946) and the continental shelf. Exhibits pursuit-plunging and surface-diving (Ref. 81748). Feeding mode: contact dipping (birds flew close to the surface to catch their prey); feeding on the surface (birds catch their prey from a sitting position or surface dive); air dipping (observed infrequently; birds catch the flying fish) (Ref. 96995).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Breeding season is dependent on the area: from April to November in northern subtropical Pacific localities; from October to May in southern subtropical Pacific localities; breeding cycle in tropical Pacific localities extends the eight-month breeding season of those in the subtropical Pacific.
Eriksen, J. and R. Victor. 2013. (Ref. 129478)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 17.9 - 28.3, mean 26.2 (based on 1116 cells).
Resilience
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=8.46-24.15).
Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.