Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Benthic; depth range 3 - 11 m (Ref. 76). Tropical, preferred 24°C (Ref. 107945)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Western Atlantic: from Maine, USA to Mexico.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 60.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 82); max. published weight: 1.8 kg (Ref. 82); max. reported age: 20 years (Ref. 99652)

The males are approximately 1/3 the size of the females (sexual dimorphism) (Ref. 83).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

They reproduce with the use of the first pair of the six, flap-like appendages on the underside of the abdomen acts as a cover for the genital pore. The egg or sperm are released through this pore during spawning (Ref. 75). These eggs are fertilized by sperm released by an attached male and by one or more satellite males that typically congregate around the nesting pair (Ref. 81). While nesting, females bury themselves in the sediment near the water's edge and lay a series of discrete egg clusters, each containing 2,000-20,000 eggs (Ref. 80).

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Lee, C.N. and B. Morton. 2005. (Ref. 1131)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Vulnerable (VU) (A3bd); Date assessed: 17 February 2016

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Tools

E-book | Field guide

More information

Trophic Ecology

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Ecology

Ecology
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Population dynamics

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Life cycle

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Distribution

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Introductions

Human Related

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Taxonomy

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References

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 12.5 - 28, mean 26.7 (based on 417 cells).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 16.6 [15.4, 17.8] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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