Cnemidocarpa verrucosa   (Lesson, 1830)

Sea toad

Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Cnemidocarpa verrucosa  AquaMaps  Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Cnemidocarpa verrucosa

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Ascidiacea | Stolidobranchia | Styelidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Sessile; depth range 0 - 1549 m (Ref. 3435).  Polar

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Southwest Atlantic, Southern Pacific and the Antarctic: From Antarctica to sub-Antarctic islands and South America.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2588)

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

This species is the largest and most abundant Styelidae in the Antarctic Ocean (Ref. 2588). Maximum depth from Ref. 116836.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Members of the class Ascidiacea are hermaphroditic; both cross- and self-fertilization is typical. Life cycle: Eggs develop into lecithotrophic larva before metamorphosing into benthic adults.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Tatian, M., R.J. Sahade, M.E. Doucet and G.B. Esnal. 1998. (Ref. 1753)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses


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References

Internet sources

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, Search) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): -1.8 - 7.2, mean -0.6 (based on 513 cells).
Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

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