Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Benthic; brackish; depth range 3 - 90 m (Ref. 4). Tropical; 26°N - 14°S, 64°E - 145°E (Ref. 107402)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Indo-West Pacific: from the coasts of Pakistan and India to Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, Northwest Australia and the Gulf of Papua.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 10.5 range ? - ? cm Max length : 40.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4)

It has lengths of 40 cm, maximum total body length; 20 to 25 cm, common length. Occurs at a depth range from 3 to 90 m, but usually less than 40 m (Ref. 4).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833).

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 03 December 2009

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Aquaculture: production; | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 27 - 29.1, mean 28.3 (based on 1460 cells).

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=1.58-1.83; tm=2.2).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients : Calcium = 109 [35, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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