Ascidiacea |
Stolidobranchia |
Molgulidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Sessile; depth range 1300 - 5500 m (Ref. 1662). Subtropical
Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic Ocean. Climate: subtropical, temperate.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 1.6 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2258)
Likely macrophagous based on morphology and observed gut content (Ref. 130724).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the class Ascidiacea are hermaphroditic; both cross- and self-fertilization is typical. Life cycle: Eggs develop into lecithotrophic larva before metamorphosing into benthic adults.
Sanamyan, K.E. and N.P. Sanamyan. 1999. (Ref. 1662)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 1.4 - 2.9, mean 2 (based on 4777 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.