Articulata |
Terebratulida |
Kraussinidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Sessile; depth range 82 - 450 m (Ref. 1023). Temperate
Northeast Atlantic, Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 2.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3477)
Maximum depth from Ref. 79382. Prefers rock and shell substrates; shallow but more typically eurybathic; infralittoral-upper bathyal (Ref. 1884).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the phylum Brachiopoda are gonochoric. Eggs are shed into the water and fertilized at the time of spawning. Life cycle: Eggs develop into free-swimming larvae which later metamorphose into adult.
Hansson, H.G. 1998. (Ref. 1023)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
Population dynamicsGrowth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 11.4 - 15.6, mean 14 (based on 54 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.