Gastropoda |
Cephalaspidea |
Philinidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Benthic; depth range 16 - 2355 m (Ref. 118694), usually 200 - 1752 m (Ref. 3446). Subtropical; 68°N - 35°N, 70°W - 0°W (Ref. 3446)
Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean and the Arctic. Subtropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 0.6 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3446)
Maximum depth from Ref. 113590.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the order Cephalaspidea are mostly simultaneous hermaphrodites.
Turgeon, D.D., J.F. Quinn Jr., A.E. Bogan, E.V. Coan, F.G. Hochberg, W.G. Lyons, P.M. Mikkelsen, R.J. Neves, C.F.E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F.G. Thompson, M. Vecchione and J.D. Willams. 1998. (Ref. 1667)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Population dynamicsGrowth
Age/Size
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvaeLarval dynamics Human RelatedAquaculture profile
Stamps, Coins Misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 3.3 - 10.4, mean 4.6 (based on 496 cells).
Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.