Aves | 
Charadriiformes | 
Laridae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range				
				
					Ekologi				
				
			
			
				;  djupintervall 0 - 1 m (Ref. 119695).  Temperate; 85°N -   31°N, 180°W -   180°E (Ref. 120722)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Northern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, Arctic and Pacific Asia.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 77.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 8812); publicerad maxvikt: 1.4 kg (Ref. 356)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Culmen: 6.26 cm; tarsus: 7.41 cm; wing: 45.9 cm.					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Total Length:  66 to 77 cm; Wingspan:  132 to 142 cm (Ref. 8812). Minimum and maximum depth based on feeding behavior of dippers (0.3+-0.2). This is is also based on diving depth of one species of the genus Larus. Found on bay and nearshore, beach and shoreline (Ref. 116102).  Coastal; scavenger; kleptoparasitism; (Ref. 356). Prey on cliff-nesting colonial seabirds, usually within a limited area within the whole colony and on locations that are disadvantageous for the colonial birds to defend such as on broad ledges or sloping cliffs. Vulnerable to pollution because of their foraging, prey, or nesting habit near shore, close to industrial or agricultural pollutants (Ref. 87784).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
				Lepage, D. 2007 Avibase -the World Bird Database. http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp [accessed 09/07/2007]. (Ref. 7816)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Verktyg
			
			
			
			
				
					Ytterligare information				
				
					 Population dynamicsTillväxt
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundans
  Life cycleReproduktion
Könsmognad
Fecundity
Lek
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
  PhysiologySyreförbrukning
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  				 
			 
			
			
			
				Internet-källor
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 0.4 - 13.3, mean 7.5 (based on 1860 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.