Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Benthic; catadromous; freshwater; brackish; depth range 0 - 17 m (Ref. 101283). Temperate, preferred 11°C (Ref. 107945); 61°N - 27°N, 14°W - 42°E

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Introduced in Baltic and Black Sea.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 7.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8)

Common in European estuaries. Mostly inhabits freshwater throughout the year but migrates to estuarine brackish waters to reproduce (Ref. 82147).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Inhabits freshwater but migrates o estuarine brackish waters to reproduce. The development of the whole larval stage takes place in mid estuarine waters (Ref. 82147); juveniles migrates back to freshwater (Ref. 82145).

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Grabowski, M. 2006. (Ref. 2756)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Not Evaluated

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; bait: occasionally
FAO - Fisheries: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Tools

E-book | Field guide

More information

Trophic Ecology

Food items
Diet
Food consumption
Ration
Predators

Ecology

Ecology
Home ranges

Population dynamics

Growth
Age/Size
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance

Life cycle

Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics

Distribution

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions

Human Related

Aquaculture profile
Stamps, Coins Misc.

Outreach

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Taxonomy

Common names
Synonyms
Morphology
Pictures

References

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 10.6 - 12.5, mean 11.5 (based on 86 cells).

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.51-0.62).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients : Calcium = 109 [35, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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