Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Malacostraca | Decapoda | Penaeidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Benthopelagic; depth range 20 - 828 m (Ref. 8), usually 100 - 400 m (Ref. 8). Subtropical; 8°C - 15°C (Ref. 804), preferred 24°C (Ref. 107945); 48°N - 19°S, 98°W - 37°E

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from USA to French Guiana, the entire Mediterranean and from Portugal to Namibia.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 2.4, range 1 - 2.8 cm Max length : 16.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8); 19 cm TL (female); common length : 14.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8); common length :16 cm TL (female); max. reported age: 3.00 years (Ref. 80253)

Demersal (Ref. 85316). Maximum depth range from Ref. 114857; minimum common depth from Ref. 80253. Maximum total length (female) from Ref. 104052

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

The species has a life cycle of 2 to 3 years (Ref. 80253). Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833).

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Holthuis, L.B. 1980. (Ref. 8)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Not Evaluated

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 9.4 - 19.5, mean 14 (based on 393 cells).

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.44-2; tm=0.6; tmax=3).

Prior r = 1.40, 95% CL = 0.92 - 2.10, Based on 15 full stock assessments.

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients : Calcium = 109 [35, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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