Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Others; freshwater; brackish. Tropical; 63°N - 33°S, 125°W - 54°E (Ref. 124582)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean and the Arctic.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 24.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 65.00 g (Ref. 356)

Short description Morphology

Culmen: 2.74 cm; tarsus: 1.69 cm; wing: 21.35 cm.

Total Length: 22 to 24 cm; Wingspan: 66 cm (Ref. 8812, 84934). They disperse south to winter at sea on both coasts of South America and West Africa. Breeding occurs in Canada and North America, and in Europe from southern Scandinavia to Spain, eastwards across Europe and Asia to the Chinese border. Total population is approximately 500,000 pairs with majority in Russia and possibly 100,000 pairs in North America. Population decline is due to land reclamation for agriculture (Ref. 84934).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Stiles, F.G. 1984. (Ref. 5856)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 August 2018

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

Threat to humans

Human uses

| FishSource |

Tools

E-book | Field guide

More information

Trophic Ecology

Food items
Diet
Food consumption
Ration
Predators

Ecology

Ecology
Home ranges

Population dynamics

Growth
Age/Size
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance

Life cycle

Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics

Distribution

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions

Human Related

Aquaculture profile
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Outreach

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Taxonomy

Common names
Synonyms
Morphology
Pictures

References

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Comments & Corrections

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