Cephalopoda |
Oegopsida |
Ommastrephidae | Todarodinae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Pelagic-oceanic; depth range 0 - 700 m (Ref. 275), usually 50 - 300 m (Ref. 8121). Subtropical; 19°S - 43°S, 109°E - 157°E (Ref. 275)
Indo-West Pacific: Australia and New Zealand. Subtropical to temperate.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 35.0 cm ML male/unsexed; (Ref. 275); 40 cm ML (female); max. published weight: 800.00 g (Ref. 275)
Females grow larger than males (Ref. 3722). Maximum depth from Ref. 8121. Minimum common depth from Ref. 121690. Neritic and oceanic species (Ref. 121690). Mostly inhabits waters <500 m in depth on the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 121690). Common in the continental shelf and sometimes can even enter shallow waters and estuaries, particularly during summer (Ref. 121673). Most abundant near the shelf-break front or where other mesoscale oceanographic activity is present. Mature squid may be restricted to deeper offshore waters for successful spawning (Ref. 121689). Feeds on ommastrephid squids, fishes (primarily pilchards; Ref. 275).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen. 1984. (Ref. 275)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Population dynamicsGrowth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvaeLarval dynamics Human RelatedAquaculture profiles
Stamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 13.7 - 21.2, mean 15.9 (based on 106 cells).
Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).