Aves |
Sphenisciformes |
Spheniscidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Others. Polar
Indo-Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and the Antarctic.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 68.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 4.4 kg (Ref. 356)
Total population is 6,500,000 pairs. It was observed to increase in numbers and extend it geographical range due to increase in food availability (Ref. 84934).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Harrison, P. 1987. (Ref. 91362)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Population dynamicsGrowthAge/SizeLength-weightLength-lengthLength-frequenciesMass conversionRecruitmentAbundance Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Human RelatedAquaculture profile
Stamps, Coins Misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Resilience
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=1.27-3.31).
Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.