Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Demersal; brackish; depth range 0 - 100 m (Ref. 275). Tropical; 51°N - 48°S, 22°E - 155°W (Ref. 106950)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Indo-Pacific: from Japan to Australia and New Zealand coasts, from Hawaii to the East African coast, north to Red Sea and south to Madagascar. Introduced in the Mediterranean Sea.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 40.1 cm ML male/unsexed; (Ref. 121859); max. published weight: 1.80 g (Ref. 275)

Also caught by set nets and spears and jigs.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen. 1984. (Ref. 275)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 02 July 2014

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Trophic Ecology

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 23 - 29.1, mean 28 (based on 2210 cells).

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.73-1.25).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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