Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Cephalopoda | Oegopsida | Ommastrephidae | Illicinae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Pelagic; depth range 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 275). Tropical, preferred 21°C (Ref. 107945); 70°N - 26°N, 81°W - 2°W (Ref. 275)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Atlantic Ocean: British Isles north to Iceland and Greenland.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 27.0 cm ML male/unsexed; (Ref. 275); 31 cm ML (female)

Maximum mantle length is 31cm (females) and 27cm (males) in the northern part of its distributional range, but 20 cm (females) and 18cm (males) in the southern part (Ref. 3722).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen. 1984. (Ref. 275)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 May 2010

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 0.7 - 11.5, mean 6.4 (based on 424 cells).

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.3-2.5).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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