Rhinella marina   (Linnaeus, 1758)

Marine toad

Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Rhinella marina  AquaMaps  Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Amphibia | Anura | Bufonidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Others; freshwater; brackish.  Tropical

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Pacific and Atlantic: South and Central America.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 23.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 86255)

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Adults range from 15 to 23 cm in length. This species has a bufotoxin that is a defense mechanism for marine toads. This causes irritation to humans and animals especially when in contact with the eyes and other mucous membranes (Ref. 86255).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Mating season is during spring, particularly late March. Breeding is from April to September wherein two strings of eggs are released by the female on the water surface. It takes 3 days before hatching occurs. From small tadpoles, they metamorphose to small toads in 45 to 50 days.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 2003. (Ref. 538)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Other

Human uses


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Internet sources

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, Search) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 24.2 - 29.1, mean 27.7 (based on 264 cells).
Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).

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