Gastropoda |
Lepetellida |
Haliotidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
; تغييرات عمق 0 - 200 m (مرجع 2754). Subtropical, preferred 19°C (مرجع 107945); 50°N - 9°N, 32°W - 36°E (مرجع 99669)
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: North to the Channel Islands, south to Guinea, including Azores, Canary and Cape Verde Islands, and east to the Mediterranean. Introduced in Ireland and Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea in Israel.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm 4.9, range 4 - 5.4 cm Max length : 12.3 cm SHL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 99669); common length : 8.0 cm SHL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 438); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 15 سال ها (مرجع 99669)
Collected from the sublittoral zone, from low tide up to a depth of 200 m (Ref. 2754). Offshore (Ref. 438). Collected from the supralittoral and mediolittoral or intertidal zones (Ref. 2754).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Gonochoric; broadcast spawners (males release first before the females). Spawning occurs from spring to late autumn.
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Demir, M. 2003 Shells of mollusca collected from the seas of Turkey. Turkey Journal of Zoology 27:101-140. (مرجع 2754)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
FAO - آبزي پروري: production; ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us
ابزارها
اطلاعات بيشتر
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7 - 18.6, mean 10.5 (based on 572 cells).
جهندگی
زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (K=0.27-0.4; tm=3; tmax=15).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [14.8, 16.9] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.