Gastropoda |
Ostreida |
Margaritidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
; Mức độ sâu 0 - 40 m (Tài liệu tham khảo 80041), usually 0 - 20 m (Tài liệu tham khảo 75831). Tropical; 37°N - 28°S, 32°E - 124°W
Indo-Pacific: from Mexico to Tanzania and the Red Sea to French Polynesia. Introduced in the Atlantic and Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Weight / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm ?  range ? - 4 cm Max length : 9.8 cm SHL con đực/không giới tính; (Tài liệu tham khảo 2922); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 15 các năm (Tài liệu tham khảo 129284)
Shell rather thick and large (attaining 25 cm in length), subcircular in outline, with a short and ill-defined posterior ear which is not drawn out into a wing-like process. Anterior margin markedly protruding beyond the tip of anterior ear. Outer surface of valves, when not worn, with densely set, flattened, imbricating concentric scales and moderately long, parallel-sided and flattened spines with tapering or rounded ends; spines lying relatively flat on surface of valves, arranged in radial rows and often strongly projecting on shell margins. hinge completely devoid of teeth. Colour: outside of shell greyish brown or green to nearly black in ground colour, with radial stripes of white or yellowish markings corresponding to the basal portion of old flattened spines. Internal nacreous area silvery, with a darker smoky hue and a hint of red and green iridescence on border. Non-nacreous area very dark.
Found in shallow waters in between corals (Ref. 122680). Byssally attached to rocks and coral debris (Ref. 8010). Inhabits reef areas of lagoons (Ref. 97298). Some found lying freely on sand, coarse gravel or dead coral substrates and often found in eel grass beds and other marine plants (Ref. 80041). Also occur in mangrove areas (Ref. 129120). Feeds on phytoplankton (Ref. 96904).
A continuous spawner (peak: December to April, warm season).
Poutiers, J.M. 1998. (Tài liệu tham khảo 348)
IUCN Red List Status
(Tài liệu tham khảo 130435: Version 2024-2)
CITES status (Tài liệu tham khảo 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Tài liệu tham khảo 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại
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Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 23.8 - 29, mean 27.6 (based on 1848 cells).
Thích nghi nhanh
Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (K=0.26-0.58).
Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
Nutrients : Calcium = 149 [71, 228] mg/100g; Iron = 8.53 [1.95, 15.11] mg/100g; Protein = 9.88 [8.64, 11.12] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.202, 0.423] g/100g; Selenium = 61 [50, 72] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [0.56, 3.51] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.