Gastropoda |
Neogastropoda |
Muricidae
Môi trường: môi trường / vùng khí hậu / Mức độ sâu / phạm vi phân phối
Sinh thái học
Benthic; mức độ sâu 0 - 40 m (Tài liệu tham khảo 88171). Temperate; 77°N - 35°N, 74°W - 32°E
Northern Atlantic and the Arctic. Temperate to polar.
Chiều dài lúc trưởng thành đầu tiên / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Tuổi
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 4.0 cm DL con đực/không giới tính; (Tài liệu tham khảo 83435); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 6 các năm (Tài liệu tham khảo 8702)
Grows to a length (apex to basal edge) of about 4.2 cm (Ref. 88171). Usually found on wave-exposed to sheltered rocky coasts and tidal flats, mainly along the littoral zone and rarely in the sublittoral to 40 m depth. This species avoids areas of low salinity and with dense algal growth, as well as sandy or muddy areas. Instead, both adults and juveniles prefer to inhabit rocky substrates in shaded to open areas. Juveniles develop below the mean water stand and as they mature, move upward along the littoral zone. Known to seek shelter in rock crevices or under algal growth during adverse weather. Feeds on tube-dwelling polychaetes, barnacles, other snails, and certain bivalves, particularly blue mussels. It uses its radula, along with an accessory organ that secretes dissolving enzymes, to bore through the shells of its prey; taking about 7 hours to drill through a 0.1 mm-thick shell. It then injects an anesthetic toxin, pumps in digestive enzymes into its victim, and feeds by sucking on the pre-digested fluid. As active predators, it is known to travel a few to several centimeters in a day. Dioecious and reaches sexual maturity at about 3 years. Forms aggregations of about 30 or more individuals during the breeding period as well as in winter. Reproduction characterized by repeated cycles of internal fertilization and egg-laying; these encapsulated eggs are 1 cm long and is attached to rocks. This primary reproductive period may last for 6 months, and up to a year for some individuals. The number of eggs per season varies between 20 to over a hundred, depending on the individual and on optimal environmental conditions. In temperate areas, egg development takes about 4 months, after which, around 20 juvenile snails, resembling adults except in size, emerge from each egg capsule. Life span estimated at 5 to 6 years. Limited genetic exchange between populations, primarily due to its limited migratory habit and the absence of a planktonic larval stage that further limits its dispersion, categorizes this species as sensitive to disturbances. Identified population threats include anthropogenic factors such as exposure to toxic substances (e.g., the liquid biocide, tributyltin hydride in anti-fouling marine paint used in the shipping and boating industry; and oil pollution), intentional habitat removal (primarily as shell collectors’ objects), and eutrophication; as well as the effects of climate change such as shell dissolution, temperature stress, osmotic stress and unusually rough weather conditions (Ref. 88171).
Vòng đời và hành vi giao phối
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Các trứng | Sự sinh sản | Ấu trùng
This species is a non-broadcast spawner. Life cycle does not include trocophore stage. Also Ref. 833.
Harms, J. 1993 Check list of species (algae, invertebrates and vertebrates) found in the vicinity of the island of Helgoland (North Sea, German Bight) - a review of recent records. Helgoländer Meeresunters 47:1-34. (Tài liệu tham khảo 2711)
Tình trạng Sách đỏ IUCN
(Tài liệu tham khảo 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
tình trạng CITES (Tài liệu tham khảo 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Tài liệu tham khảo 116361)
Not Evaluated
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Sử dụng của con người
Các nghề cá: tính thương mại
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
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Ước tính dựa trên mô hình
Sự dễ bị tổn thương của nghề đánh cá
(Tài liệu tham khảo 71543) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100). |
Loại giá
(Tài liệu tham khảo 80766): |
Unknown. |
