Cephalopoda |
Myopsida |
Loliginidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
سطح زی; تغييرات عمق 20 - 180 m (مرجع 275). Tropical, preferred 13°C (مرجع 107945); 62°N - 26°N, 172°W - 112°W (مرجع 112699)
Eastern Pacific. Tropical to boreal.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 19.2 cm ML جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 94063); 17.9 cm ML (female); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 148.00 g (مرجع 94063); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 148.00 g
Caught by brails and night lights and pumps and night lights. Individual behavior: pale coloration indicates relaxation while dark, high contrast chromatic elements indicate alertness; protracted inking occurs after an abrupt stop from a backward jetting squid; in swimming, drag is reduced from the tightening of fin curvature which reduces the fin span relative to the average fin chord; fins and arms were used to maneuver. Schooling and shoaling: schools at night were tighter than during the day (Ref. 94861).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Mating and egg-laying occur at daylight (Refs. 94843, 94849), egg beds found at depths of 20-60 m (Ref. 94843).
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen. 1984. (مرجع 275)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2024-2)
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us
ابزارها
اطلاعات بيشتر
Human RelatedAquaculture profiles
Stamps, coins, misc.
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 8.2 - 11.9, mean 9.2 (based on 23 cells).
جهندگی
زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (K=1).
Prior r = 0.93, 95% CL = 0.61 - 1.39, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
آسيب پذيری
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.