Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Bathydemersal. Subtropical; 90°N - 0°S, 126°E - 115°W

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Pacific Ocean and the Arctic: Eastern side of Ostrov Sakhalin to northern Hokkaido. Subtropical to polar.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 170 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1394); 160 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 123.0 kg (Ref. 1394)

Inhabit the southern edges of the pack ice from winter to early summer and coastal areas including river mouths, in late summer and autumn. Diet composition varies with the age of the seal; Newly weaned pups feed on small crustaceans, advance to schooling fishes, larger crustaceans, and octopuses, and finally graduate to bottom dwelling fish and cephalopods (Ref. 1394).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber. 1993. (Ref. 1394)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 03 June 2015

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Trophic Ecology

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Ecology

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Life cycle

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Distribution

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Taxonomy

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References

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): -0.6 - 5.6, mean 2.2 (based on 1984 cells).

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.16-0.44).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

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