Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Bathydemersal. Subtropical; 90°N - 0°S, 180°W - 180°E

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean and Black Sea.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 280 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1394); max. published weight: 400.0 kg (Ref. 1394); max. reported age: 36 years (Ref. 130718)

Inhabits rocky coastlines, with a preference for sea caves and grottos that are generally inaccessible from land (and sometimes have only submarine entrances). In West Africa, they come ashore on open beaches. Feeds on octopus, at least 1 type of ray, and a variety of fishes (Ref. 1394).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber. 1993. (Ref. 1394)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Vulnerable (VU) (D1); Date assessed: 27 June 2023

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Appendix I: International trade banned

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix I & II: Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Tools

E-book | Field guide

More information

Trophic Ecology

Food items
Diet
Food consumption
Ration
Predators

Ecology

Ecology
Home ranges

Population dynamics

Growth
Age/Size
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance

Life cycle

Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics

Distribution

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions

Human Related

Aquaculture profile
Stamps, Coins Misc.

Outreach

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Taxonomy

Common names
Synonyms
Morphology
Pictures

References

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 13.1 - 15.5, mean 13.9 (based on 364 cells).

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (K=0.35; tm=5; tmax=36).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Comments & Corrections

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