Aves |
Pelecaniformes |
Sulidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range
Ekologi
. Temperate; 74°N - 5°S, 98°W - 43°E
Indo-Pacific, Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean and the Arctic.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 93.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 84934); publicerad maxvikt: 3.1 kg (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 9.98 cm; tarsus: 5.45 cm; wing: 43.52 cm.
Found on beach and shoreline and open ocean (Ref. 116102). In the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland and northern England, this species is known to be the largest consumer of the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus, but not primarily dependent on this as a food source and is known to switch preys. They forage offshore over a wide area, mainly surface-feeding by scooping prey from the water although with relatively limited ability to exploit the water column (Ref. 95711). Exhibits plunge diving (Ref. 356). They form nesting colonies with breeding pairs sharing incubation and chick-rearing duties. Adults feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
SAUP Database 2006 SAUP Database. www.seaaroundus.org. (Ref. 356)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Verktyg
Ytterligare information
Population dynamicsTillväxtMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundans Life cycleReproduktion
Könsmognad
Fecundity
Lek
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologySyreförbrukning
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet-källor
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 6.3 - 11.9, mean 9 (based on 488 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
High vulnerability (57 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.