Holothuroidea |
Synallactida |
Stichopodidae
محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
وابسته به آب سنگ; تغييرات عمق 4 - 30 m (مرجع 122). Tropical; 31°N - 33°S, 29°E - 134°W
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to French Polynesia.
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 100.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 800); common length : 55.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 122); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 6.0 kg (مرجع 122)
Mean live weight: 3500-6000 g. Body-wall thickness: 1.5 cm. Body firm, rigid, square-ish in cross-section, flattened ventrally (trivium). Bivium entirely covered with numerous characteristic, conical papillae and minute podia; bivium demarcated from the trivium by a row of large papillae. Podia numerous on trivium, with large disc, about 600 micrometer in diameter. Mouth ventral, surrounded by circle of 18 large brown tentacles. Anus terminal. Calcareous ring with large radial pieces and narrow interradials. Cuvierian tubules absent. Cloaca large. Bivium cream colored, with large beige dots; trivium generally beige; mature gonads deep purple. Spicules on tegument with branched spicules showing polygonal holes, and spicules in form of a "rose window", mostly abundant in the tentacles; tentacles also with straight, curved, or X-shaped rods; ventral podia with short, smooth rods; dorsal papillae with sparse, very long, spiny rods.
Rarely harvested until a few years ago. Collected by skin diving or using diving gear (if not banned), making the populations presently very vulnerable, due to overexploitation. The processed product is probably of low to moderate commercial value and the exploitation of this species should be avoided. Minimum depth range from Ref. 125194. A rare species mostly found at depths between 10 to 30 m; generally occurs on hard ground, large rubbles and sand patches, on reef slopes, outer lagoon and near passes. Populations not reaching high densities, with a mean of around 0.001 per square meter. Biology poorly known (Ref. 122).
چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفت‌گیری
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)
Members of the class Holothuroidea are gonochoric and have only one gonad. Spawning and fertilization are both external and some exhibit brooding. Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktotrophic larvae (auricularia) then into doliolaria (barrel-shaped stage) which later metamorphose into juvenile sea cucumbers.
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Conand, C. 1998 Holothurians (sea cucumbers, Class Holothuroidea). p. 1157-1190. In Carpenter, K.E. and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 2. Cephalopods, crustaceans, holothurians and sharks. FAO Rome. (مرجع 122)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
ابزارها
اطلاعات بيشتر
بوم‌شناسی گرمسیریاقلام غذایی (طعمه‌ها)
تركيب غذايي
مصرف غذايي
شکارچیان
چرخه زندگیتولید مثلبلوغباروریتخم ریزیتخم هانمو تخمتوزاد ( لارو) مرتبط با انسانتمبر، سکه، متفرقه.
منابع اينترنتي
تخمین‌ها بر اساس مدل‌ها
آسیب‌پذیری ماهیگیری
(مرجع 71543) |
High vulnerability (60 of 100). |
طبقه قيمت
(مرجع 80766): |
Unknown. |
