Aves | 
Pelecaniformes | 
Phalacrocoracidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / пределы глубины / distribution range				
				
					экология				
				
			
			
				; пресноводный; солоноватоводный.  Tropical			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific.  Tropical to boreal.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Возраст
			
			
				половая зрелость: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 90.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (ссылка 94965); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 2.6 kg (ссылка 356)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Goose-sized; black overall; long neck and tail; has webbed feet that connects its four toes, allowing it to cling to rocky cliffs and feed on shoaling fish (Ref. 94965).					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					A coastal species found <50 km offshore (Ref. 356).  Nests in the interior of the North American continent and along the coast (Ref. 63805); on unvegetated, rocky outcroppings (Ref. 95237).  Are common to abundant winter residents in freshwater and estuarine habitats in the state of Texas (Ref. 95239).  Started to colonize the Great Lakes at the beginning of this century, on Lake Superior in 1913-20, and Lake Huron in 1932, returning each season and nesting from April until late September where they form dense colonies in trees or on the ground on small rocky islands.  Lake Ontario supported 24% of the breeding population in 1991, and the largest colony of 5,428 nests on Little Galloo Island. Most begin to breed at 3 years of age (Ref. 95240).  An opportunistic feeder (Ref. 95224).  Exhibits plunge diving (Ref. 356).  Generally preys on fish, often feeding in shallow waters (Ref. 95238).  Feeds in river estuaries; on out-migrating juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Columbia Basin (Ref. 95220); on alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and southeastern catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (Ref. 95237); on crayfish (Orconectes sp.) (Ref. 95238); on shad (Dorosoma spp.) and sunfishes (Lepomis spp.) (Ref. 60211); on striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) and Gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) in Lavaca Bay; striped mullet and Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) in upper Laguna Madre; typically targetting benthic fish or small schooling fishes and forage species (Ref. 95239). Average flight speed recorded at 61 km/h. (Ref. 95241).  Preyed on by the bald eagle, Haliateeus leucocephalus (Ref. 95220).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
				Основная ссылка  				
					ссылки | координатор | соавторы
				
			
			
				Lepage, D. 2007 Avibase -the World Bird Database. http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp [accessed 09/07/2007]. (ссылка 7816)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						Статус Красного Списка МСОП    
						 (ссылка 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				Статус СИТЕС   (ссылка 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				CMS (ссылка 116361)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Угроза для людей  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Использование человеком  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
инструменты
			
			
			
			
				
					дополнительная информация				
				
					 Life cycleразмножение
половая зрелость
Fecundity
нерест
Eggs
Развитие икры
Larvae
  PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  				 
			 
			
			
			
				ресурсы в Интернет
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 4.5 - 28.1, mean 12.2 (based on 1418 cells).			
 
			
			
			
							
					устойчивость к внешним воздействиям  				
				
				
					высокий, минимальное время удвоения популяции до 15 месяцев (K=9.28-23.13).				
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						High vulnerability (56 of 100).