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Phalacrocorax aristotelis, European shag

Common name (e.g. turtle)

Genus + Species (e.g. Caretta caretta)

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Phalacrocorax aristotelis   (Linnaeus, 1761)

European shag
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Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Aves | Pelecaniformes | Phalacrocoracidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Others.  Subtropical; 67°N - 27°N, 26°W - 40°E (Ref. 125423)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Arctic, Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Subtropical to polar.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 72.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 84934); max. published weight: 1.6 kg (Ref. 356)

Short description Morphology

Culmen: 5.67 cm; tarsus: 6.34 cm; wing: 26.45 cm.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

In the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland and northern England, this species primarily forage inshore and breeding birds only spend approx. 30% of daylight period at sea, feeding primarily on the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus. They surface-feed by scooping prey from the water and also able to exploit the water column by diving. They form nesting colonies with breeding pairs sharing incubation and chick-rearing duties. Adults feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Amundsen, T. and J.N. Stokland. 1990. (Ref. 91589)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 August 2018

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses


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References

Internet sources

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, Search) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 6.5 - 19.6, mean 12.3 (based on 985 cells).
Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=14.9-42.87).
Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

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