Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Cephalopoda | Oegopsida | Ommastrephidae | Todarodinae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Pelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 75927); depth range 0 - 500 m (Ref. 275), usually 0 - 100 m (Ref. 275). Temperate; 5°C - 27°C (Ref. 275), preferred 9°C (Ref. 107945); 63°N - 18°N, 110°E - 135°W (Ref. 275)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Northern and Western Pacific and Northeast Atlantic.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 50 cm ML (female); common length : 30.0 cm ML male/unsexed; (Ref. 97142); max. published weight: 500.00 g (Ref. 275)

Common weight: 100 to 300 g (Ref. 275). Depth range is 36 to 184 m; and temperature is 12 to 20°C in Ref. 75927. Fished with jigging machines, demersal trawls, purse seines and set nets (Ref. 81298).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen. 1984. (Ref. 275)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 May 2010

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7.7 - 23.4, mean 18.3 (based on 366 cells).

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=2.85-3.34).

Prior r = 1.18, 95% CL = 0.78 - 1.77, Based on 2 full stock assessments.

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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