Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Benthic; depth range 0 - 40 m (Ref. 87801). Temperate, preferred 12°C (Ref. 107945); 6°S - 56°S, 81°W - 66°W (Ref. 111805)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Eastern Pacific and Western Atlantic: From Lobos de Afuera Island, Peru to Cape Horn, Chile.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 15.0 cm ShL male/unsexed; (Ref. 356)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Egg masses are composed of 243 to 256 egg capsules, each capsule containing 668 to 14,250 eggs. The capsules are found attached to a substrate by a stalk. Larva emerges from the egg and remains in the water column for a long period of time before settling (Ref. 87801).

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Häussermann, V. and G. Försterra. 2009. (Ref. 87801)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Not Evaluated

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Aquaculture: production; Fisheries: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Tools

E-book | Field guide

More information

Trophic Ecology

Food items
Diet
Food consumption
Ration
Predators

Ecology

Ecology
Home ranges

Population dynamics

Growth
Age/Size
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance

Life cycle

Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics

Distribution

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions

Human Related

Aquaculture profile
Stamps, Coins Misc.

Outreach

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Taxonomy

Common names
Synonyms
Morphology
Pictures

References

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (K=0.06).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [14.8, 16.9] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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