Bivalvia |
Venerida |
Mactridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range
Ekologi
; brackvatten; djupintervall 0 - 124 m (Ref. 104339), usually 0 - 2 m (Ref. 104339). Tropical; ? - 15°C (Ref. 104336); 31°N - 17°N, 98°W - 81°W
Western Atlantic: The Gulf of Mexico from Campeche to northwest Florida. Introduced to the Atlantic coast of North America (east coast of Florida to Chesapeake Bay and to the Hudson River). Northeast Atlantic: Introduced in Belgium and Poland. Tropical to temperate.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Könsmognad: Lm ?, range 1 - ? cm Max length : 9.4 cm SHL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 104339); rapporterad maxålder: 15 år (Ref. 104339)
Shell oval, heavy, very thick. Hinge with lateral teeth transversally striated. Pallial sinus reduced. Umbones anterior, pointing inward and in anterior direction. Periostracum strong and smooth. Colour: externally dirt white, internally glossy white with slight blue-grey tinge; periostracum grey-brown (Ref. 271).
Maximum depth range from Ref. 104365. Lives in low salinity waters, found predominantly in estuaries (Ref. 121904). Also in salt marsh (Ref. 104365). Subtidal (Ref. 104487). It is found infaunal in sandy mud, in very low salinity brackish water (Ref. 271). Habitats have high water turbidity. Found in soft substrates which are a mixture of sand, mud and vegetation (Refs. 104240, 104487). A non-selective filter-feeder which turns substantial quantities of plant detritus and phytoplankton into clam biomass. Also obtains nutrition from sediments via direct ingestion or by feeding on bacteria. Predators include fish, crabs, gastropods and ducks (Ref. 104240).
Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam (Ref. 833). Spawning is continuous throughout the year (Ref. 104339).
Carpenter, K.E. (ed.). 2002. (Ref. 271)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell
| FishSource | Sea Around Us
Verktyg
Ytterligare information
Human RelatedAquaculture profiles
Stamps, coins, misc.
Internet-källor
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 23.2 - 25.1, mean 23.9 (based on 121 cells).
Resiliens
Mycket låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mer än 14 år (K=0.01-0.03; tmax=15).
Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).