Bivalvia |
Venerida |
Mactridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / пределы глубины / distribution range
экология
; солоноватоводный; пределы глубины 0 - 124 m (ссылка 104339), usually 0 - 2 m (ссылка 104339). Tropical; ? - 15°C (ссылка 104336); 31°N - 17°N, 98°W - 81°W
Western Atlantic: The Gulf of Mexico from Campeche to northwest Florida. Introduced to the Atlantic coast of North America (east coast of Florida to Chesapeake Bay and to the Hudson River). Northeast Atlantic: Introduced in Belgium and Poland. Tropical to temperate.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm ?, range 1 - ? cm Max length : 9.4 cm SHL самец/пол неопределен; (ссылка 104339); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 15 годы (ссылка 104339)
Shell oval, heavy, very thick. Hinge with lateral teeth transversally striated. Pallial sinus reduced. Umbones anterior, pointing inward and in anterior direction. Periostracum strong and smooth. Colour: externally dirt white, internally glossy white with slight blue-grey tinge; periostracum grey-brown (Ref. 271).
Maximum depth range from Ref. 104365. Lives in low salinity waters, found predominantly in estuaries (Ref. 121904). Also in salt marsh (Ref. 104365). Subtidal (Ref. 104487). It is found infaunal in sandy mud, in very low salinity brackish water (Ref. 271). Habitats have high water turbidity. Found in soft substrates which are a mixture of sand, mud and vegetation (Refs. 104240, 104487). A non-selective filter-feeder which turns substantial quantities of plant detritus and phytoplankton into clam biomass. Also obtains nutrition from sediments via direct ingestion or by feeding on bacteria. Predators include fish, crabs, gastropods and ducks (Ref. 104240).
Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam (Ref. 833). Spawning is continuous throughout the year (Ref. 104339).
Основная ссылка
ссылки | координатор | соавторы
Carpenter, K.E. (ed.). 2002. (ссылка 271)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП
(ссылка 130435: Version 2024-2)
Статус СИТЕС (ссылка 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (ссылка 116361)
Not Evaluated
Угроза для людей
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий
| FishSource | Sea Around Us
инструменты
дополнительная информация
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 23.2 - 25.1, mean 23.9 (based on 121 cells).
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям
очень низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции более 14 лет (K=0.01-0.03; tmax=15).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).