Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Benthic; depth range 0 - 200 m (Ref. 4), usually 10 - 40 m (Ref. 4). Temperate, preferred 15°C (Ref. 107945); 25°S - 47°S, 13°W - 99°E (Ref. 107486)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Southeast Atlantic, Western and Antarctic Indian Ocean.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 6.3, range 6 - 7.5 cm Max length : 37.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4); 27 cm TL (female); common length : 28.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4); common length :21 cm TL (female)

The total body length of largest specimen ever recorded is 37 cm; and the total body length is 14 to 35.5 cm (male) and 9 to 27 cm (female); and carapace lengths of 6 to 14.5 cm (male) and 4 to 10 cm (female); with an average size of 21 to 28 cm (male) and 19 to 21 cm (female). The specimens from Amsterdam are slightly smaller than those from St Paul Island (Ref. 4).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

May exhibit gynandromorphy (Ref. 10623). Egg-laying starts in May, and ovigerous females have been observed until November, or exceptionally early December. Females are caught from May to October, while males dominate in most catches from November to April (Ref. 4).

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 07 April 2011

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Trophic Ecology

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 5.5 - 15.3, mean 10.2 (based on 4 cells).

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.06-0.11).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients : Calcium = 109 [35, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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