Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Benthic; depth range 0 - 90 m (Ref. 441). Tropical, preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 35°N - 24°S, 97°W - 11°E (Ref. 4)
Atlantic Ocean.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 8.3, range 7 - 8.1 cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4); common length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref. 129472)
Longevity from Ref. 129472 (Supplementary material).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Females move to deeper water for spawning and there are mass migrations in the autumn when the animals, in single files up to 50 individuals, move in a certain direction in daytime, each animal having body contact with the next through the antennae; In the northern part of its range, larvae are found mainly from June to December (Ref. 4).
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Tools
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 23.7 - 28, mean 26.7 (based on 346 cells).
Resilience
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.16-0.39; tm=4).
Prior r = 0.82, 95% CL = 0.54 - 1.23, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
