Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Benthic; depth range 180 - 600 m (Ref. 4), usually 200 - 400 m (Ref. 85373). Subtropical, preferred 18°C (Ref. 107945); 55°N - 14°N, 19°W - 17°E (Ref. 4)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from west Ireland to southern Senegal and western Mediterranean. Subtropical to temperate.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 9.0 range ? - ? cm Max length : 75.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 441); common length : 45.0 cm BL male/unsexed; (Ref. 441); max. reported age: 21 years (Ref. 76525)

Maximum body length: 50 cm; a single record of a specimen of 75 cm needs confirmation; usually the body length ranges between 20 and 40 cm (Ref. 4).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Reproduces in late summer and fall (Refs. 76522, 76525).

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Goñi, R. and D. Latrouite. 2005. (Ref. 85369)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 03 December 2009

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Trophic Ecology

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Ecology

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Distribution

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Human Related

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Taxonomy

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References

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 10.1 - 14.6, mean 13.2 (based on 89 cells).

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.17-0.18; tmax=21).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients : Calcium = 109 [35, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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