Malacostraca |
Decapoda |
Palinuridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
; تغييرات عمق 180 - 600 m (مرجع 4), usually 200 - 400 m (مرجع 85373). Subtropical, preferred 18°C (مرجع 107945); 55°N - 14°N, 19°W - 17°E (مرجع 4)
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from west Ireland to southern Senegal and western Mediterranean. Subtropical to temperate.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm 9.0  range ? - ? cm Max length : 75.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 441); common length : 45.0 cm BL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 441); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 21 سال ها (مرجع 76525)
Maximum body length: 50 cm; a single record of a specimen of 75 cm needs confirmation; usually the body length ranges between 20 and 40 cm (Ref. 4). Lives on rocky and coralligenous substrates near rocky outcrops in edges of the continental shelf (Ref. 85369).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Reproduces in late summer and fall (Refs. 76522, 76525).
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Goñi, R. and D. Latrouite 2005 Review of the biology, ecology and fisheries of Palinurus spp. species of European waters: Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787) and Palinurus mauritanicus (Gruvel, 1911). Les Cahiers de Biologie Marine 46:127-142. (مرجع 85369)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
ابزارها
اطلاعات بيشتر
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 10.1 - 14.6, mean 13.2 (based on 89 cells).
جهندگی
متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.17-0.18; tmax=21).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 109 [35, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.