Malacostraca |
Decapoda |
Palinuridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
; Mức độ sâu 5 - 200 m (Tài liệu tham khảo 85369), usually 10 - 70 m (Tài liệu tham khảo 4). Subtropical; 12°C - 16°C (Tài liệu tham khảo 114562), preferred 11°C (Tài liệu tham khảo 107945); 61°N - 27°N, 32°W - 36°E (Tài liệu tham khảo 114562)
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from Norway to Morocco. Subtropical to temperate.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Weight / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm 10.0, range 7 - 8 cm Max length : 50.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Tài liệu tham khảo 441); common length : 40.0 cm BASL con đực/không giới tính; (Tài liệu tham khảo 441); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 15 các năm (Tài liệu tham khảo 85318)
Traditionally caught by traps, pots and sometimes by hand (e.g., diving and spearing; Refs. 441, 85369), but these gears were eventually replaced with trammel nets (Ref. 85369). Minimum depth from Ref. 4. Occurs at depths between shore to 200 m, on rocky bottoms and coralligenous substrates where there are lots of protective holes and micro-caves. Adults may be solitary, in pairs or in small groups. Highly omnivorous and preys on hard-shelled bottom dwelling organisms, i.e., mollusks, echinoderms and crustaceans. They are generalists and opportunistic feeders depending on the abundance of benthic organisms (Ref. 85369). Ovigerous females are observed from September to October and February to March (Ref. 4).
Breeds once a year between June and October. Larger females mate and lay eggs earlier during breeding season while smaller females spawn towards the end (Ref. 85364).
Holthuis, L.B. 1991 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 13. Marine lobsters of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(13):292p. Rome: FAO. (Tài liệu tham khảo 4)
IUCN Red List Status
(Tài liệu tham khảo 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Tài liệu tham khảo 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Tài liệu tham khảo 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại
FAO - Các nghề cá: landings | FishSource | Biển chung quanh ta
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Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.7 - 19.6, mean 11.9 (based on 808 cells).
Thích nghi nhanh
Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (K=0.13-0.21; tm=4; tmax=15).
Prior r = 0.22, 95% CL = 0.14 - 0.33, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 109 [35, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.