Bivalvia |
Venerida |
Veneridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
; تغييرات عمق 0 - 46 m (مرجع 95344). Boreal, preferred 8°C (مرجع 107945); 60°N - 22°N, 166°E - 109°W
Pacific Ocean: West to east Bering Sea, Aleutian to Baja California.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm ?, range 2 - 3.5 cm Max length : 7.5 cm SHL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 95344); common length : 6.4 cm SHL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 78182); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 16 سال ها (مرجع 104675)
Maximum depth from Ref. 104447. Buries in gravel, sand and mud to more than 10 cm deep along the mid-intertidal zone (Ref. 95344). Preyed upon by naticid gastropods (Ref. 100855). Suspension-feeder (Ref. 78182). In general, suspension feeding bivalves mainly depend on phytoplankton and detritus material for nutrition (Ref. 107088).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the class Bivalvia are mostly gonochoric, some are protandric hermaphrodites. Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam (Ref. 833). Eggs are discharged through the siphon (Ref. 104667). Spawning: Two periods of high temperature and two spawning peaks may occur in summer due to strong water temperature fluctuations while only one temperature and spawning peak may be expected in a warmer than normal year (Ref. 78182).
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Shaw, W.N. 1986 Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirments of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Pacific Southwest). Biological Report 82 (11.46) TR EL-82-4. (مرجع 78182)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
FAO - آبزي پروري: production; ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us
ابزارها
اطلاعات بيشتر
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.3 - 15.7, mean 9.8 (based on 90 cells).
جهندگی
متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.19; tm=2.5; tmax=16).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 149 [71, 228] mg/100g; Iron = 8.53 [1.95, 15.11] mg/100g; Protein = 9.88 [8.64, 11.12] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.202, 0.423] g/100g; Selenium = 61 [50, 72] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [0.56, 3.51] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.