Cephalopoda |
Myopsida |
Loliginidae
Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución
Ecología
Bentopelágico; rango de profundidad 0 - 500 m (Referencia 275), usually 20 - 250 m (Referencia 275). Temperate; 13°C - 20°C (Referencia 2453), preferred 18°C (Referencia 107945); 60°N - 36°S, 19°W - 37°E
Distribución
Territories | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Introducciones
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from North Sea and British Isles to southwest Africa and the Mediterranean.
Longitud en la primera madurez / Tamaño / Peso / Edad
Madurez: Lm 16.9, range 16 - 23 cm Max length : 64.0 cm ML macho / no sexado; (Referencia 417); 32 cm ML (female); peso máximo publicado: 1.5 kg (Referencia 275)
Paralarvae: Fins paddle-shaped, broad with short bases, fin much wider than long. Mantle broad with few large dorsal chromatophores and numerous ventral chromatophores. Head squarish with few chromatophores on dorsal surface and 12 chromatophores on ventral surface arranged in 2 cheek patches of 5 posterior to eyes and a pair between the eyes. Ventral arms with 2 aboral chromatophores. Tentacles with 4 aboral chromatophores. Tentacular clubs broad and wider than tentacular stalks. Mantle length at hatching range between mantle length 0.28 and 0.358 cm (Ref. 2489, 2490).
Juveniles and adults: Mantle muscular, cylindrical, slender and elongated posteriorly. Wide spots of red chromatophores in mantle and green/blue iridescence in posterior part of mantle. Fins rhomboid with length exceeding 50% of mantle length. Buccal membrane with 15 suckers with chitinous rings on extremity. Male's left ventral arm hectocotylized with length ranging from 15 to 33% of whole arm length. Arms with 2 rows of suckers, sucker rings with 20 teeth, distal ones large and pointed and proximal ones minute or absent. Tentacles not retractile and tentacular clubs with 4 longitudinal rows of suckers in the "manus", which in central rows are larger than marginal ones. Cartilages simple locking (Ref. 275, 1964).
Maximum life span: 1.5 to 2 years in females and 3 to 3.5 years in males (Ref. 2525). Maximum size for male, 64 cm, mantle length from Ref. 2494. Neither pelagic nor fully benthic. Inhabits circumlittoral zone and upper bottoms of bathyal systems (Ref. 2504). Exhibits benthic behavior during spawning season and pelagic behavior at other times, e.g., during hunting (Ref. 2493). Carnivorous predators (Ref. 2526); juvenile feeds on planktonic prey, e.g. copepods, mysids and euphausiids (Ref. 2525) while adult frequently feeds on fish (Ref. 2526) and sometimes on cephalopods and crustaceans.
Ciclo vital y comportamiento de apareamiento
Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
Piatkowski, U. 2006 Loligo vulgaris. European squid. Life history species review. CEPHSTOCK: Cephalopod Stocks in European Waters. Review, Analysis, Assessment and Sustainable Management. 25 p. (Referencia 2488)
Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN
(Referencia 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Estatus CITES (Referencia 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Referencia 116361)
Not Evaluated
Amenaza para el ser humano
Usos humanos
Pesquerías: comercial
FAO - pesquerías: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Herramientas
Más información
FisiologíaConsumo del oxígeno
Relacionados con el ser humanoSellos, monedas, varios
Fuentes de Internet
Estimaciones basadas en modelos
Resiliencia
(Ref. 69278): |
Alto, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo inferior a 15 meses (K=0.13-1.66; tm=0.78) |
Rate of population increase
|
Prior r = 0.39, 95% CL = 0.26 - 0.58, Based on 2 full stock assessments. |
Vulnerabilidad pesquera
(Referencia 71543) |
Low vulnerability (23 of 100). |
Vulnerabilidad climática
(Referencia 125649) |
High vulnerability (61 of 100) |
Categoría de precios
(Referencia 80766): |
Low. |
Nutrients
|
Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |
