Cephalopoda |
Oegopsida |
Ommastrephidae | Todarodinae
محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
موجوداتی که در محدوده وسیعی از آبهای آزاد از نزدیک بستر و یا روی کف بستر، در قسمت های میان آبی تا سطح آب و در برخی گونه ها با قابلیت پرواز، زندگی و تغذیه می کنند.; تغييرات عمق 20 - 4595 m (مرجع 81305). Tropical, preferred 20°C (مرجع 107945); 85°N - 6°S, 26°W - 158°E (مرجع 112293)
Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean and the Arctic: Congo Dem Rep to Gibraltar, Mediterranean, Spain to Iceland, to Russian Arctic up to Sakha Republic.
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm 23.2, range 20 - ? cm Max length : 75.0 cm ML جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 3722); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 2.2 kg (مرجع 120431); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 2.00 سال ها (مرجع 120431)
Common mantle length ranges between 25 and 35 cm (Ref. 3722). In the Mediterranean Sea no individual was caught in the hauls taken above a depth of 100 m (Ref. 81305). However, studies carried out in Norwegian waters indicated that it occurs in coastal and bank areas 80-200 m and even more superficially at 20-100 m (Ref.81307). It was also observed from the North Atlantic Ridge at a depth of 1947 m (Ref. 81308). Maximum depth from Ref. 1985. Demersal, neritic (Ref. 112172). Occurs from the surface to a depth of 2500 m (Ref. 2614). Juveniles feed mainly on fishes while adults consume crustaceans (Ref. 112351). Migrates to offshore waters during winter; spawning is thought to occur in the continental slope (Ref. 2614).
چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفت‌گیری
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (مرجع 417)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings search; Publication: search | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | دریای اطراف ما
ابزارها
اطلاعات بيشتر
مرتبط با انسانتمبر، سکه، متفرقه.
منابع اينترنتي
تخمین‌ها بر اساس مدل‌ها
Rate of population increase
|
Prior r = 0.38, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.57, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments. |
آسیب‌پذیری ماهیگیری
(مرجع 71543) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100). |
آسیب‌پذیری اقلیمی
(مرجع 125649) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100) |
طبقه قيمت
(مرجع 80766): |
High. |
Nutrients
|
Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |
