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Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798)
European flying squid| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Todarodes sagittatus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS
Cephalopoda | Oegopsida | Ommastrephidae | Todarodinae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range Οικολογία
βενθοπελαγικό; εύρος βάθους 20 - 4595 m (Αναφ. 81305). Tropical, preferred 20°C (Αναφ. 107945); 85°N - 6°S, 26°W - 158°E (Αναφ. 112293)
Distribution Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Εισαγωγές
Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean and the Arctic: Congo Dem Rep to Gibraltar, Mediterranean, Spain to Iceland, to Russian Arctic up to Sakha Republic.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Weight / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm 23.2, range 20 - ? cm Max length : 75.0 cm ML αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Αναφ. 3722); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 2.2 kg (Αναφ. 120431); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 2.00 έτη (Αναφ. 120431)
Common mantle length ranges between 25 and 35 cm (Ref. 3722). In the Mediterranean Sea no individual was caught in the hauls taken above a depth of 100 m (Ref. 81305). However, studies carried out in Norwegian waters indicated that it occurs in coastal and bank areas 80-200 m and even more superficially at 20-100 m (Ref.81307). It was also observed from the North Atlantic Ridge at a depth of 1947 m (Ref. 81308). Maximum depth from Ref. 1985. Demersal, neritic (Ref. 112172). Occurs from the surface to a depth of 2500 m (Ref. 2614). Juveniles feed mainly on fishes while adults consume crustaceans (Ref. 112351). Migrates to offshore waters during winter; spawning is thought to occur in the continental slope (Ref. 2614).
Life cycle and mating behavior Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Eggs | Γονιμότητα | Larvae
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
Main reference
Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες
Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Αναφ. 417)
IUCN Red List Status
(Αναφ. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 May 2010
CITES status (Αναφ. 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Αναφ. 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)
FAO - αλιεία: landings | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Η θάλασσα γύρω μας
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Physiology
Κατανάλωση οξυγόνου
Human Related
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Taxonomy
Αναφορές
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(αλιεία: ; publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Δέντρο Ζωής | Wikipedia (Go, αναζήτηση) | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref. 115969): 2 - 14.3, mean 9.3 (based on 570 cells).
Prior r = 0.38, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.57, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Climate Vulnerability
(Αναφ. 125649):
Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.