Not assigned |
Squamata |
Elapidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range
Οικολογία
Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 3 - 22 m (Αναφ. 78387). Tropical; 31°N - 58°S (Αναφ. 356)
Indo-West Pacific.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Weight / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm 74.5, range 47 - 101.5 cm Max length : 140 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Αναφ. 801); common length : 110 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Αναφ. 801)
Young has gray to black annuli, while juveniles has 45-55 transverse bars that may extend down the flanks with the lower body whitish and without pattern. Adults are uniform gray above, whitish below. Dark bars wider or as wide than paler interspaces.
Average length is 90 cm. The venom of this snake is said to be responsible for more serious and fatal bites than all other sea snakes combined and is considered to have the most toxic venom. Based on studies, the myotoxic phospholipase A from the venom causes myoglobinuria in mice (Ref. 88062). Usually occurs in clear shallow reef waters (Ref. 2357), and may travel about ten miles up tidal rivers (Ref. 88062). Also prefers estuarine conditions in Australia (Ref. 2357). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 801), with 4 to 9 young ones in a brood (Ref. 88062). Feeds on fish (Refs. 801, 88062).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Eggs | Γονιμότητα | Larvae
Ovoviviparous (Ref. 801). It bears 4 to 9 young ones in a brood (Ref. 88062).
Redfield, J.A., J.C. Holmes and R.D. Holmes. 1978. (Αναφ. 78387)
IUCN Red List Status
(Αναφ. 130435: Version 2024-2)
CITES status (Αναφ. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
αλιεία: χωρίς ενδιαφέρον
| FishSource |
Εργαλεία
Περισσότερες πληροφορίες
Human RelatedAquaculture profiles
Stamps, coins, misc.
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 24.8 - 29.3, mean 28.5 (based on 3251 cells).
Ελαστικότητα
Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (K=0.6-0.75).
Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.