Octocorallia |
Scleralcyonacea |
Coralliidae
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
Sessile; 深度上下限 10 - 1016 m (参考文献 66603), usually 10 - 100 m (参考文献 358). Subtropical
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 3.0 cm COLD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 364)
Arborescent colonies, with growth irregularly divided into all directions, provided with a Hard skeleton calcareous: can exceed 50 cm, but in general less developed. The surface of the ramifications is not smooth. Polyp: reach the diameter of 0.15 cm; they are white and translucent, the cortical fabric being of red color, seldom white or yellow. The skeleton is highly colored of red; more rarely of pink; dark; white red or to black (Ref. 358). Certain colonies: 20 cm height, but intensive fishing makes disappear the largest specimens. Diameter of the base: 3 cm at the largest specimens (Ref. 364).
Hard skeleton calcareous: can exceed 50 cm, but in general less developed. Polyp: reach the diameter of 0.15 cm. Depth: commonly 10 m of depth; currently, it is necessary to go down beyond the 30 m, generally even 40 m, and until several hundred meters of depth (Ref. 358). Maximum depth and common maximum depth from Ref. 122525. Habitat: Found in the infra- and circalittoral zones as well as bathyal zones (Ref. 85338). Sites little exposed to the solar rays: lower level of rock overhangs, anfractuosities and excavations, rock walls located at great depth (Ref. 358); conditioned by two essential criteria: the weak luminosity and the substrate. One finds it in theory only on the bed rock under conditions of reduced illumination. At the surface levels, it characterizes the biocenoses semi-obscure caves. Low, one meets it on rock cliffs or sproutings. Harvests, made more and more deeply, restrict its bathymetric distribution. (Ref. 364). Found on cave walls, vertical cliffs and overhangs (Ref. 66603). Exposure to high temperatures beyond 24°C appears to have a critical mortality effect, decreasing polyp activity and calcification rates (Ref. 129072).
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Members of the class Anthozoa are either gonochoric or hermaphroditic. Mature gametes are shed into the coelenteron and spawned through the mouth. Life cycle: The zygote develops into a planktonic planula larva. Metamorphosis begins with early morphogenesis of tentacles, septa and pharynx before larval settlement on the aboral end.
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Göthel, H. 1992 Guide de la faune sous-marine: La Méditerranée. Invertébrés marins et poissons. Eygen Ulmer GmbH & Co. 318 p. (参考文献 358)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书
(参考文献 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
FAO - 渔业: 物种外形, landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | 周边海洋
工具
网络资源
基于模型的估算
回复力
(Ref. 69278): |
低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.06) |
渔业脆弱性
(参考文献 71543) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100). |
价格分类
(参考文献 80766): |
Unknown. |
