Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Echinoidea | Camarodonta | Toxopneustidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Benthic; depth range 0 - 75 m (Ref. 81020). Tropical; 37°N - 44°S, 30°E - 77°W

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Indo-Pacific: from east Africa to southeast Asia, north to South Korea, Japan and Hawaii, south to Australia and New Zealand, to as far east as Galapagos Islands.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 10.0 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref. 2968)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Members of the class Echinoidea are gonochoric. Fertilization is external. Brooding is common, eggs are held either on the peristome, around the periproct or deep into the concavities on the petaloids. Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktotrophic larvae (echinoplateus) and live for several months before they sink to the bottom using their tube feet to adhere on the ground where they metamorphose into young urchins.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Schoppe, S. 2000. (Ref. 800)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Not Evaluated

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
| FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Trophic Ecology

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 22.2 - 29, mean 27.8 (based on 1290 cells).

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.84-1.08).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 5.08 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 12%; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 0.04 [48.48, 67.17] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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