Echinoidea |
Camarodonta |
Toxopneustidae
Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied
Ecologie
Benthic; diepte 0 - 75 m (Ref. 81020). Tropical; 37°N - 44°S, 30°E - 77°W
Indo-Pacific: from east Africa to southeast Asia, north to South Korea, Japan and Hawaii, south to Australia and New Zealand, to as far east as Galapagos Islands.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 10.0 cm WD mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 2968)
Intertidal to subtidal (Ref. 106729). Inhabits shallow seagrass beds at depths of 1 to 30 m (Ref. 800). Also on rubble (Ref. 106121)and coral reef areas (Refs. 106724, 106728, 106735) like reef lagoons (Ref. 106729). Tripneustes gratilla elatensis: occurs in inland salt-ponds tolerating salinities greater than 45 ppm at 15°C (Ref. 2940). Feeds on macroalgae, seagrass, diatoms and coral tissue scraped from rocks (Ref. 2944). Omnivore (Ref. 116259). Grazing species. Dwells among rocks and boulders. Utilizes floating seaweed as cover (Ref. 129602).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Members of the class Echinoidea are gonochoric. Fertilization is external. Brooding is common, eggs are held either on the peristome, around the periproct or deep into the concavities on the petaloids. Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktotrophic larvae (echinoplateus) and live for several months before they sink to the bottom using their tube feet to adhere on the ground where they metamorphose into young urchins.
Schoppe, S. 2000 A guide to common shallow water sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers and feather stars (echinoderms) of the Philippines. Times Media Private Limited, Singapore. 144 p. (Ref. 800)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Tools
Meer informatie
FysiologieZuurstofverbruik
Menselijk gerelateerdPostzegels, munten, diversen.
Internetbronnen
Schattingen op basis van modellen
Weerstandsvermogen
(Ref. 69278): |
Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (K=0.84-1.08) |
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij
(Ref. 71543) |
Low vulnerability (10 of 100). |
Prijsklasse
(Ref. 80766): |
Unknown. |
Nutrients
|
Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 5.08 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 12%; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 0.04 [48.48, 67.17] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |
