Gastropoda | 
Trochida | 
Tegulidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / গভীরতার পরিসীমা  / distribution range				
				
					বাস্তুসংস্থান				
				
			
			
				.  Subtropical			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Eastern Pacific:  British Columbia, Canada to Mexico.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / আকৃতি  / Weight / Age
			
			
				পরিপক্কতা : Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 3.0 cm SHD পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (সূত্র  95344); common length : 2.5 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (সূত্র  312); সর্বোচ্চ উলি্ল্লখিত বয়স : 28 বৎসর (সূত্র  2823)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Shell is thick and dark purple to black; foot is black on the sides (Ref. 312).					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					It has a shell length of 2.5 cm.  Fisheries:  Over-harvesting for food in the early 1900s, mainly  by Southern European immigrants,  caused a drastic drop in population numbers.  Today they are still harvested by both Americans of Southern European and Asian ancestries; heavy regulation by the Department of Fish and Game has allowed populations to recover (Ref. 312). Habitat:  Occurs in high to middle intertidal zones on rocky surfaces or in pools not covered in algae.  Diet:  eats many species of algae including micro and macroscopic.  Life span:  up to 25 years (Ref. 312).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					পরিপক্কতা  | প্রজনন  | ডিম ছাড়া  | Eggs | ডিম্বধারন ক্ষমতা  | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Members of the order Archaeogastropoda are mostly gonochoric and broadcast spawners.  Life cycle:  Embryos develop into planktonic trocophore larvae and later into juvenile veligers before becoming fully grown adults.				
			
			
			
			
			
				Gallivan, G. and J. Danforth 1999 Phylum Mollusca. Marine Science Institute. Http://216.239.51.104/search?q=cache:EEiLeA0OeAMJ:www2.ucsc.edu/simp/guide.pdf+Nuttalina+californica&hl=tl&gl=ph&ct=clnk&cd=8 [accessed 20/01/06] (সূত্র  312)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (সূত্র  130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (সূত্র  108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
হাতিয়ার 
			
			
			
			
				
					আরো তথ্য 				
				
					 Population dynamicsবৃদ্ধিMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionপ্রাচুর্য    Life cycleপ্রজনন পরিপক্কতা ডিম্বধারন ক্ষমতা ডিম ছাড়া EggsEgg developmentLarvae   Physiologyঅম্লজান ব্যবহার 
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  				 
			 
			
			
			
				ইন্টারনেট সুত্র 
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 9.5 - 17.9, mean 11.1 (based on 132 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.