Cephalopoda |
Sepiida |
Sepiidae
Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución
Ecología
Benthic; rango de profundidad 0 - 242 m (Referencia 1695), usually 0 - 50 m (Referencia 88010). Tropical, preferred 21°C (Referencia 107945); 62°N - 4°N, 32°W - 37°E (Referencia 1695)
Distribución
Territories | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Introducciones
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from the Shetlands and southern Norway (stray in the Baltic Sea), south to the Mediterranean Sea to northwestern Africa.
Longitud en la primera madurez / Tamaño / Peso / Edad
Madurez: Lm ?, range 9 - ? cm Max length : 49.0 cm ML macho / no sexado; (Referencia 1695); peso máximo publicado: 4.0 kg (Referencia 1695)
In temperate waters, maximum mantle length is 49 cm and up to 4 kg in weight. In the subtropics, maximum mantle length is 30 cm and up to 2 kg in weight (Ref. 1695). Common size: 15.0 to 25.0 cm (West Saharan fisheries; Ref. 275). One of the most important species for cephalopod fisheries in many countries but have been observed in recent years that it is heavily fished, e.g., Mediterranean (Ref. 1695). Also, a highly valued item especially in Japan, Korea, Italy and Spain (Ref. 1695). Maximum depth range from Ref. 114857. A neritic, demersal species found in the subtidal zone to depths of 200 m, generally over sandy-muddy substrates (Ref. 1695, page 100). Presence in Portuguese waters indicates its tolerance for brackish water. Undergoes seasonal migrations between inshore waters in spring and summer and medium shelf grounds (around 100 m depth) in autumn and winter. Courtship behavior is elaborate and ritualized with visual displays and 'mate guarding'. Spawns in shallow waters, optimally between 13° to 15°C. Eggs, 8 to 10, mm diameter and blackened with ink, are attached on seaweed, shells, debris and other substrates, in grape-like clusters. Depending on water temperature, eggs hatch after 30 to 90 days. Hatchlings measure about 7 to 8 mm TL. From hatchlings to adults, exhibit light-induced burying behavior where most individuals hide in sand during the day and where prey is often ambushed. Life cycle under natural conditions, between 12 to 24 months. Feeds on small mollusks, crabs, shrimps, other cuttlefishes, and juvenile demersal fishes. Cannibalism is common. Considered one of the most commercially important cephalopod species. With potential for aquaculture. Usually marketed fresh or frozen as a highly valued food item, especially in Japan, Korea, Italy and Spain (Ref. 1695).
Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults (Ref. 833).
Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Referencia 417)
Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN
(Referencia 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Estatus CITES (Referencia 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Referencia 116361)
Not Evaluated
Amenaza para el ser humano
Usos humanos
Pesquerías: comercial
FAO - Aquaculture Systems: production searchpesquerías: perfil de la especie, landings search; Publication: search | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Herramientas
Más información
FisiologíaConsumo del oxígeno
Relacionados con el ser humanoSellos, monedas, varios
Fuentes de Internet
Estimaciones basadas en modelos
Resiliencia
(Ref. 69278): |
Alto, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo inferior a 15 meses (K=0.58-0.63; tm=1) |
Rate of population increase
|
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.76, Based on 3 full stock assessments. |
Vulnerabilidad pesquera
(Referencia 71543) |
Low vulnerability (25 of 100). |
Vulnerabilidad climática
(Referencia 125649) |
Low vulnerability (4 of 100) |
Categoría de precios
(Referencia 80766): |
High. |
Nutrients
|
Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |
