Cephalopoda |
Sepiida |
Sepiidae
Môi trường: môi trường / vùng khí hậu / Mức độ sâu / phạm vi phân phối
Sinh thái học
Benthic; mức độ sâu 0 - 242 m (Tài liệu tham khảo 1695), usually 0 - 50 m (Tài liệu tham khảo 88010). Tropical, preferred 21°C (Tài liệu tham khảo 107945); 62°N - 4°N, 32°W - 37°E (Tài liệu tham khảo 1695)
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from the Shetlands and southern Norway (stray in the Baltic Sea), south to the Mediterranean Sea to northwestern Africa.
Chiều dài lúc trưởng thành đầu tiên / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Tuổi
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm ?, range 9 - ? cm Max length : 49.0 cm ML con đực/không giới tính; (Tài liệu tham khảo 1695); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 4.0 kg (Tài liệu tham khảo 1695)
In temperate waters, maximum mantle length is 49 cm and up to 4 kg in weight. In the subtropics, maximum mantle length is 30 cm and up to 2 kg in weight (Ref. 1695). Common size: 15.0 to 25.0 cm (West Saharan fisheries; Ref. 275). One of the most important species for cephalopod fisheries in many countries but have been observed in recent years that it is heavily fished, e.g., Mediterranean (Ref. 1695). Also, a highly valued item especially in Japan, Korea, Italy and Spain (Ref. 1695). Maximum depth range from Ref. 114857. A neritic, demersal species found in the subtidal zone to depths of 200 m, generally over sandy-muddy substrates (Ref. 1695, page 100). Presence in Portuguese waters indicates its tolerance for brackish water. Undergoes seasonal migrations between inshore waters in spring and summer and medium shelf grounds (around 100 m depth) in autumn and winter. Courtship behavior is elaborate and ritualized with visual displays and 'mate guarding'. Spawns in shallow waters, optimally between 13° to 15°C. Eggs, 8 to 10, mm diameter and blackened with ink, are attached on seaweed, shells, debris and other substrates, in grape-like clusters. Depending on water temperature, eggs hatch after 30 to 90 days. Hatchlings measure about 7 to 8 mm TL. From hatchlings to adults, exhibit light-induced burying behavior where most individuals hide in sand during the day and where prey is often ambushed. Life cycle under natural conditions, between 12 to 24 months. Feeds on small mollusks, crabs, shrimps, other cuttlefishes, and juvenile demersal fishes. Cannibalism is common. Considered one of the most commercially important cephalopod species. With potential for aquaculture. Usually marketed fresh or frozen as a highly valued food item, especially in Japan, Korea, Italy and Spain (Ref. 1695).
Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults (Ref. 833).
Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Tài liệu tham khảo 417)
Tình trạng Sách đỏ IUCN
(Tài liệu tham khảo 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
tình trạng CITES (Tài liệu tham khảo 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Tài liệu tham khảo 116361)
Not Evaluated
Mối đe dọa đối với con người
Sử dụng của con người
Các nghề cá: tính thương mại
FAO - Aquaculture Systems: production searchCác nghề cá: hồ sơ loài, landings search; Publication: search | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Biển chung quanh ta
Các công cụ
Thêm thông tin
Sinh lý họcThành phần ô-xy
Liên quan đến con ngườiTem, tiền xu, v.v.
Các nguồn internet
Ước tính dựa trên mô hình
Thích nghi nhanh
(Ref. 69278): |
Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (K=0.58-0.63; tm=1) |
Rate of population increase
|
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.76, Based on 3 full stock assessments. |
Sự dễ bị tổn thương của nghề đánh cá
(Tài liệu tham khảo 71543) |
Low vulnerability (25 of 100). |
Sự dễ bị tổn thương của khí hậu
(Tài liệu tham khảo 125649) |
Low vulnerability (4 of 100) |
Loại giá
(Tài liệu tham khảo 80766): |
High. |
Nutrients
|
Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |
