Holothuroidea |
Synallactida |
Stichopodidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / ระดับความลึก / distribution range
นิเวศวิทยา
; ระดับความลึก 0 - 200 m (อ้างอิง 635), usually 50 - 100 m (อ้างอิง 635). Subtropical; ? - 30°C (อ้างอิง 77134), preferred 16°C (อ้างอิง 107945); 63°N - 31°N, 117°E - 165°E (อ้างอิง 112755)
Northwest Pacific: Japan (from Hokkaido to Kyushu), China, Korean Peninsula and Far Eastern Russia (Karaginskogo Island).
Length at first maturity / ขนาด / Weight / Age
วัยเจริญพันธุ์: Lm ?, range 20 - ? cm Max length : 30.0 cm TL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (อ้างอิง 101467)
Common in shallow coastal bottom communities from the intertidal zone to depths more than 100 m. Forms aggregations, usually in the upper sublittoral zone (Ref. 635). May occur in three color variants: red type often found in offshore gravel beds while the green and black types often at inshore sandy-muddy bottoms (Ref. 77132). Juveniles often associated with algal/seagrass and oyster beds (Ref. 621). Most commercially important sea cucumber species (for trade, food and traditional medicine both; fisheries and farming/ranching) in China (Ref. 77133). Aquaculture now widespread in northern coast of China (Ref. 77133) since wild populations became over-exploited in the 1990s. Chinese aquaculture production peaked at 65,283 tons in 2005 (Ref. 77133). A sediment-feeder and bio-scavenger; ingests organic matter in sediment, e.g., bacteria, protozoa, diatoms, plant and animal debris including faeces (Ref. 77143).
Members of the class Holothuroidea are gonochoric and have only one gonad. Spawning and fertilization are both external and some exhibit brooding. Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktotrophic larvae (auricularia) then into doliolaria (barrel-shaped stage) which later metamorphose into juvenile sea cucumbers.
Kan-no, M. and A. Kijima. 2003. (อ้างอิง 77132)
IUCN Red List Status
(อ้างอิง 130435: Version 2024-2)
CITES status (อ้างอิง 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (อ้างอิง 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
การประมง: การค้า; การเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำ: การค้า
FAO - การเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำ: production, species profile; การประมง: landings | FishSource | ทะเลรอบๆเรา
เครื่องมือ
ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม
Human RelatedAquaculture profiles
Stamps, coins, misc.
แหล่งที่มาจากอินเตอร์เน็ต
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 8.6 - 19.7, mean 15.2 (based on 30 cells).
Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 16.6 [15.4, 17.8] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.